History of Negombo
Negombo is a coastal city in Sri Lanka with a rich history dating back centuries. Here’s an overview of its historical significance:
Ancient and Medieval History
Negombo was originally a small fishing village inhabited by the indigenous people of Sri Lanka. The area was known for its abundance of cinnamon, which was highly valued by traders. The local economy thrived on fishing, agriculture, and the cinnamon trade.
Colonial Era
01. Portuguese Rule (1505–1658)
- The Portuguese arrived in Sri Lanka in the early 16th century and soon took control of Negombo due to its strategic coastal location and valuable cinnamon plantations.
- They built Negombo Fort (originally a wooden structure) to protect their trade routes.
- Catholic missionaries, especially the Franciscan and Jesuit priests, actively converted locals to Christianity, leading to a strong Roman Catholic influence in the city, which persists today.
02. Dutch Rule (1658–1796)
- The Dutch captured Negombo from the Portuguese in 1644 but solidified their control in 1658.
- They rebuilt Negombo Fortwith stronger defenses and developed the famous Dutch Canal, which was used for transporting cinnamon and other goods.
- The Dutch allowed religious freedom, but Protestant Christianity also grew under their rule.
03. British Rule (1796–1948)
- The British took control of Negombo in 1796, as part of their conquest of Sri Lanka.
- They expanded the city’s economy by developing modern infrastructure, enhancing the canal system, and improving trade.
- Although Buddhism and Hinduism regained prominence across Sri Lanka, Negombo remained a predominantly Catholic city.
04. Post-Independence (1948–Present)
- After Sri Lanka gained independence in 1948, Negombo continued to develop as a key fishing and commercial hub. It is now a popular tourist destination, known for its beaches, historic churches, vibrant fish markets, and Dutch-era architecture.
Negombo has several historical landmarks that reflect its colonial past and cultural heritage. Here are some of the most notable historical sites in the Negombo area:
01. Negombo Fort
- Built by the Portuguese in the early 1600s and later reinforced by the Dutch in 1672.
- Used by the British has a prison before being partially demolished.
- Today, only remnants of the fort remain near the Negombo Prison.
02. Dutch Canal (Hamilton Canal)
- Constructed by the Dutch in the 17th century to transport cinnamon and other goods.
- Later, it was expanded by the British and named Hamilton Canal.
- Stretches from Colombo to Puttalam and still serves as a scenic waterway.
03. Mary’s Church, Negombo
- One of the largest Catholic churches in Sri Lanka, built during the late 19th century.
- Features stunning Neo-classical architecture and intricate frescoes on the ceiling.
- Symbolizes the strong Catholic heritage of Negombo, also known as “Little Rome.”
04. Angurukaramulla Temple
- A significant Buddhist temple is known for its giant reclining Buddha statue.
- Features centuries-old murals and paintings depicting Jataka stories (Buddha’s past lives).
- Houses ancient ruins and scriptures inside the temple.
05. St. Sebastian’s Church, Wellaweediya
- Built in the Gothic architectural style, resembling Notre Dame in Paris.
- Dedicated to Sebastian, a revered saint among Negombo’s Catholic community.
- Hosts an annual festival attracting many devotees.
06.Muthurajawela Marsh
- A vast wetland sanctuary that has been around for thousands of years.
- Home to historical ruins and believed to be an ancient royal hunting ground.
- Now a protected biodiversity hotspot with boat tours available.
07.Dutch Clock Tower
- A 17th-century Dutch-era clock tower located near Negombo Fort.
- Serves as a historical marker of Dutch colonial influence.
08. Negombo Fish Market ("Lellama")
- One of the oldest and largest fish markets in Sri Lanka.
- A historic center for the local fishing industry, dating back to the colonial era.
- Visitors can witness traditional fishing methods still in use today.
09. Negombo Lagoon: A Natural and Cultural Treasure
Negombo Lagoon is a large estuarine lagoon located in the western part of Sri Lanka, near the city of Negombo. It plays a vital role in the region’s ecosystem, economy, and cultural heritage. The lagoon is connected to the Dutch Canal, which was built by the Dutch in the 17th century to transport cinnamon and other goods.
Geographical and Ecological Significance
- Size & Location: The lagoon covers approximately 35 square kilometres (13.5 square miles)and is linked to the Indian Ocean by a narrow channel.
- Biodiversity: It is home to mangrove forests, seagrass beds, and diverse marine life, including prawns, crabs, and various fish species. Migratory birds such as egrets, herons, and cormorants can also be found here.
- Mangrove Ecosystem: The mangroves around the lagoon provide natural protection against coastal erosion and storms, while also serving as breeding grounds for fish and shrimp.
Historical and Economic Importance
Colonial Influence
- During the Dutch colonial period (1640–1796), the lagoon was a key part of the spice trade, especially for cinnamon exports.
- The Dutch Canal, which connects the lagoon to Colombo and other parts of Sri Lanka, was an important trade route.
Fisheries and Livelihoods
- Today, the lagoon is a major fishing hub, supporting thousands of local fishermen who use traditional wooden boats (Oruwa) and modern fishing techniques.
- The main catches include prawns, crabs, lobsters, and various lagoon fish, which are supplied to both local markets and export industries.
Tourism & Recreation
- The lagoon attracts tourists for boat safaris, bird watching, and scenic cruises.
- Many eco-tourism projectspromote sustainable fishing and conservation efforts.
Environmental Challenges & Conservation Efforts
Despite its importance, the lagoon faces several challenges:
- Pollution: Waste from industries, hotels, and households affects water quality.
- Overfishing: Excessive fishing, especially of prawns and crabs, threatens marine biodiversity.
- Coastal Erosion & Mangrove Destruction: Urban development has led to the deforestation of mangroves, which are crucial for protecting the coastline.
To counter these threats, conservation efforts focus on mangrove restoration, sustainable fishing practices, and eco-tourism initiatives.
Negombo Lagoon remains a cultural and ecological landmark of Sri Lanka. It has sustained communities for centuries, from the time of the Dutch spice trade to modern fishing and tourism industries. However, preserving its biodiversity and natural beauty is crucial for future generations.
